"sporen" meaning in Middle English

See sporen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

Etymology: From Old English sporan, from Proto-Germanic *spuraniz; equivalent to spore + -en (plural suffix). Etymology templates: {{inh|enm|ang|sporan}} Old English sporan, {{inh|enm|gem-pro|*spuraniz}} Proto-Germanic *spuraniz, {{af|enm|spore|-en|id2=noun plural|pos2=plural suffix}} spore + -en (plural suffix) Head templates: {{head|enm|noun form}} sporen
  1. plural of spore Tags: form-of, plural Form of: spore
    Sense id: en-sporen-enm-noun-MjEnFKOD Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Middle English terms suffixed with -en (noun plural), Talking Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 31 23 20 25 Disambiguation of Middle English terms suffixed with -en (noun plural): 66 12 10 12 Disambiguation of Talking: 27 25 22 25
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2 Categories (other): Music, Sound Disambiguation of Music: 0 0 0 0 Disambiguation of Sound: 0 0 0 0

Verb

IPA: /ˈspɔːrən/, /ˈspoːrən/, /ˈspurən/
Etymology: From spore + -en (infinitival suffix). Etymology templates: {{af|enm|spore|-en|id2=infinitival|pos2=infinitival suffix}} spore + -en (infinitival suffix) Head templates: {{head|enm|verb}} sporen Inflection templates: {{enm-conj-wk|spor}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], sporen [infinitive], to sporen [infinitive], spore [infinitive], spore [first-person, present, singular], spored [first-person, past, singular], sporest [present, second-person, singular], sporedest [past, second-person, singular], sporeth [present, singular, third-person], spored [past, singular, third-person], spore [present, singular, subjunctive], spored [past, singular, subjunctive], spore [imperative, present, singular], - [imperative, past, singular], sporen [plural, present], spore [plural, present], sporeden [past, plural], sporede [past, plural], sporeth [imperative, plural, present], spore [imperative, plural, present], - [imperative, past, plural], sporynge [participle, present], sporende [participle, present], spored [participle, past], yspored [participle, past], spuren [alternative], spurren [alternative], spore [alternative], spurie [alternative], sporie [alternative]
  1. To spur (prod a horse to haste it)
    Sense id: en-sporen-enm-verb-Wuxu7vKt Categories (other): Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival), Talking Disambiguation of Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival): 33 29 37 Disambiguation of Talking: 27 25 22 25
  2. (rare) To spur (impel, drive, urge) Tags: rare
    Sense id: en-sporen-enm-verb-Gpw3966D Categories (other): Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival), Talking Disambiguation of Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival): 33 29 37 Disambiguation of Talking: 27 25 22 25
  3. (rare) To equip spurs. Tags: rare
    Sense id: en-sporen-enm-verb-0rJW7NG1 Categories (other): Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival), Talking Disambiguation of Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival): 33 29 37 Disambiguation of Talking: 27 25 22 25
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1 Categories (other): Music, Sound Disambiguation of Music: 0 0 0 0 Disambiguation of Sound: 0 0 0 0

Alternative forms

{
  "categories": [
    {
      "_dis": "0 0 0 0",
      "kind": "other",
      "langcode": "enm",
      "name": "Music",
      "orig": "enm:Music",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w+disamb"
    },
    {
      "_dis": "0 0 0 0",
      "kind": "other",
      "langcode": "enm",
      "name": "Sound",
      "orig": "enm:Sound",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w+disamb"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "spur"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Scots",
      "lang_code": "sco",
      "word": "spur"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "spore",
        "3": "-en",
        "id2": "infinitival",
        "pos2": "infinitival suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "spore + -en (infinitival suffix)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From spore + -en (infinitival suffix).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "enm-conj-wk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sporen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "to sporen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spore",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spore",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spored",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sporest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sporedest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sporeth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spored",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spore",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spored",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spore",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sporen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spore",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sporeden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sporede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sporeth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spore",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sporynge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sporende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spored",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yspored",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuren",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spurren",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spore",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spurie",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sporie",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "sporen",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "spor"
      },
      "name": "enm-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "33 29 37",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 25 22 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Talking",
          "orig": "enm:Talking",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To spur (prod a horse to haste it)"
      ],
      "id": "en-sporen-enm-verb-Wuxu7vKt",
      "links": [
        [
          "spur",
          "spur"
        ],
        [
          "prod",
          "prod#English"
        ],
        [
          "haste",
          "haste#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "33 29 37",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 25 22 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Talking",
          "orig": "enm:Talking",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To spur (impel, drive, urge)"
      ],
      "id": "en-sporen-enm-verb-Gpw3966D",
      "links": [
        [
          "spur",
          "spur"
        ],
        [
          "impel",
          "impel#English"
        ],
        [
          "drive",
          "drive#English"
        ],
        [
          "urge",
          "urge#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) To spur (impel, drive, urge)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "33 29 37",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 25 22 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Talking",
          "orig": "enm:Talking",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To equip spurs."
      ],
      "id": "en-sporen-enm-verb-0rJW7NG1",
      "links": [
        [
          "equip",
          "equip"
        ],
        [
          "spurs",
          "spurs"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) To equip spurs."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈspɔːrən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈspoːrən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈspurən/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "sporen"
}

{
  "categories": [
    {
      "_dis": "0 0 0 0",
      "kind": "other",
      "langcode": "enm",
      "name": "Music",
      "orig": "enm:Music",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w+disamb"
    },
    {
      "_dis": "0 0 0 0",
      "kind": "other",
      "langcode": "enm",
      "name": "Sound",
      "orig": "enm:Sound",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w+disamb"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "sporan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English sporan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*spuraniz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *spuraniz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "spore",
        "3": "-en",
        "id2": "noun plural",
        "pos2": "plural suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "spore + -en (plural suffix)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English sporan, from Proto-Germanic *spuraniz; equivalent to spore + -en (plural suffix).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "noun form"
      },
      "expansion": "sporen",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "31 23 20 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "66 12 10 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (noun plural)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 25 22 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Talking",
          "orig": "enm:Talking",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "spore"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "plural of spore"
      ],
      "id": "en-sporen-enm-noun-MjEnFKOD",
      "links": [
        [
          "spore",
          "spore#Middle_English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "sporen"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English non-lemma forms",
    "Middle English noun forms",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
    "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (noun plural)",
    "Middle English verbs",
    "Middle English weak verbs",
    "Pages with 6 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "enm:Music",
    "enm:Sound",
    "enm:Talking"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "spur"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Scots",
      "lang_code": "sco",
      "word": "spur"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "spore",
        "3": "-en",
        "id2": "infinitival",
        "pos2": "infinitival suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "spore + -en (infinitival suffix)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From spore + -en (infinitival suffix).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "enm-conj-wk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sporen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "to sporen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spore",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spore",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spored",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sporest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sporedest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sporeth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spored",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spore",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spored",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spore",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sporen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spore",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sporeden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sporede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sporeth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spore",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sporynge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sporende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spored",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yspored",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuren",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spurren",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spore",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spurie",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sporie",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "sporen",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "spor"
      },
      "name": "enm-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To spur (prod a horse to haste it)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "spur",
          "spur"
        ],
        [
          "prod",
          "prod#English"
        ],
        [
          "haste",
          "haste#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To spur (impel, drive, urge)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "spur",
          "spur"
        ],
        [
          "impel",
          "impel#English"
        ],
        [
          "drive",
          "drive#English"
        ],
        [
          "urge",
          "urge#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) To spur (impel, drive, urge)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To equip spurs."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "equip",
          "equip"
        ],
        [
          "spurs",
          "spurs"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) To equip spurs."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈspɔːrən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈspoːrən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈspurən/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "sporen"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English non-lemma forms",
    "Middle English noun forms",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (noun plural)",
    "Pages with 6 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "enm:Music",
    "enm:Sound",
    "enm:Talking"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "sporan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English sporan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*spuraniz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *spuraniz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "spore",
        "3": "-en",
        "id2": "noun plural",
        "pos2": "plural suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "spore + -en (plural suffix)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English sporan, from Proto-Germanic *spuraniz; equivalent to spore + -en (plural suffix).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "noun form"
      },
      "expansion": "sporen",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "spore"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "plural of spore"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "spore",
          "spore#Middle_English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "sporen"
}

Download raw JSONL data for sporen meaning in Middle English (5.6kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-02-11 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-02-01 using wiktextract (f492ef9 and 59dc20b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.